Kalendarium Hortense OR THE GARD'NERS' ALMANAC DIRECTING What he is to do Monthly throughout the Year AND What Fruits and Flowers are in Prime The second Edition with many useful Additions By JOHN EVELYN Esq Fellow of the Royal Society Virg. Geo. 2. Labour actus in orbem LONDON Printed by Io. Martin and ja. Allestry Printers to the Royal Society and are to be sold at their Shops in St. Paul's Churchyard MDCLXVI TO ABRAHAM COWLEY Esq Sir THis Second Edition of my Hortulan Calendar is due to you mindful of the honour you once conferred on it when you were pleased to suspend your nobler Raptures and think it worthy your transcribing It appears now with some advantages which it then wanted because it had not that of publishing to the World how infinitely I magnify your contempt of not to say revenge upon it whilst you still continue in the possession of your Self and of that repose which few men understand in exchange for those pretty miseries you have essayed O the sweet Evenings and Mornings and all the Day besides which are yours while Cowley's made The happy Tenant of the Shade And the Sun in his Garden gives him all he desires and all that he would enjoy the purity of visible Objects and of true Nature before she was vitiated by Imposture or Luxury You gather the first Roses of the Spring and Apples of Autumn Prim● vere rosam atque autumno carpere poma And as the Philosopher in Seneca desired only Bread and Herbs to dispute felicity with jupiter You vie happiness in a thousand easy and sweet Diversions not forgetting the innocent Toils which You cultivate the Leisure and the Liberty the Books and Meditations and above all the learned and choice Friendships that you enjoy Who would not like You Cacher sa vie 'T was the wise Impress of a Balzac You give it lustre and interpretation I swear to You Sir it is what in the World I most inwardly breathe after and pursue not to say that I envy Your felicity delivered from the guilded impertinences of life to enjoy the moments of a solid and pure Contentment since those who know how usefully You employ this glorious Recess must needs be forced either to imitate or as I do to celebrate Your Example I. EVELYN INTRODUCTION TO THE CALENDAR AS Paradise though of Gods own Planting Gen. 2.15 was no longer Paradise than the Man was put into it to dress it and to keep it so nor will our Gardens as near as we can contrive them to the resemblance of that blessed Abode remain long in their perfection unless they are also continually cultivated But when we have so much celebrated the life and felicity of an excellent Gardener as to think it preferable to all other diversions whatsoever it is not because of the leisure which he enjoys above other men ease and opportunity which ministers to vain and insignificant delights such as Fools derive from sensual objects We dare hardily pronounce it there is not amongst Men a more laborious life than is that of a good gardeners but because a labour full of tranquillity and satisfaction Natural and Instructive and such as if any contributes to Piety and Contemplation Experience Health and Longaevity munera nondum intellecta Deûm In sum a condition it is furnished with the most innocent laudable and purest of earthly felicities and such as does certainly make the nearest approaches to that Blessed state where only they enjoy all things without pains so as those who were led only by the light of Nature because they could fancy none more glorious thought it worthy of entertaining the Souls of their departed Heroes and most illustrious of Mortals But to return to the Labour because there is nothing excellent which is to be attained without it A Gard'ners' work is never at an end It gins with the Year and continues to the next He prepares the Ground and then he Sows it after that he Plants and then he gathers the Fruits but in all the intermedial spaces he is careful to dress it so as Columella speaking of this continual assiduity tells us A Gardener is not only to consider praetermissas duodecim horas De R. R. li. ix sed annum periisse nisi sua quaque quod instat effecerit Quare necessaria est says he Menstrui cujusque officii monitio ea quae pendet ex ratione syderum coeli and the Poet tam sunt Arcturi Sydera nobis Hoedorúmque dies servandi & lucidus anguis Quam quibus in patriam ventosa per aequora vectis Pontus & Ostriferi fauces tentantur Abydi Geor 1. All which duly weighed how precious the time is how praecipitous the occasion how many things to be done in their just Season and how intolerable a confusion will succeed the smallest neglect after once a Ground is in order we thought we should not attempt an unacceptable Work if here we endeavoured to present our gardeners with a complete Cycle of what is requisite to be done throughout every Month of the Year We say each Month because by dividing it into Parts so distinct the Order in which they shall find each particular to be disposed may not only render the work more facile and delightful but redeem it from that extreme perplexity which for want of a constant and uniform Method we find does so universally distract the vulgar sort of Them They know not for the most part the Seasons when things are to be done and when at any time they come to know there often falls out so many things to be done on the sudden that some of them must of necessity be neglected for that whole Year which is the greatest detriment to this Mystery and frequently irrecoverable We are yet far from imposing by any thing we have here alleged concerning these Menstrual Periods those nice and hypercritical Puntilloes which some Astrologers and such as pursue their Rules seem to oblige our gardeners to as if forsooth all were lost and our pains to no purpose unless the Sowing and the Planting the Cutting and the Pruning were performed in such and such an exact minute of the Moon Col. de R. R. l. 9 c. 364. In hac autem Ruris disciplina non desideratur ejusmodi scrupulositas There are indeed some certain Seasons and suspecta tempora which the prudent Gardener ought carefully as much as in him lies to prevent But as to the rest let it suffice that he diligently follow the Observations which by great Industry we have collected together and here present him as so many Synoptical Tables calculated for his Monthly use to the end he may pretermit nothing which is under his Inspection and is necessary or distract his Thoughts and Employment before the Seasons require it And now however This may seem but a Trifle to some who esteem Books by the bulk not the benefit let them forbear yet to despise these few ensuing Pages For never was any thing of this pretence more fully and ingenuously imparted I shall not say to the regret of all our Mercenary gardeners because I have much obligation to some above that Epithet M. Rose Gardener to His Majesty and lately at Essex-house to Her Grace the Duchess of Somerset and M. Turner formerly of Wimbleton in Surrey who being certainly amongst the most expert of their Profession in England are no less to be celebrated for their free communications to the Public by divers Observations of theirs which have furnished to this Design And it is from the Result of very much Experience and an extraordinary inclination to cherish so innocent and laudable a Diversion and to incite an Affection in the Nobless of this Nation towards it that I begin to open to them so many of the interior Secrets and most precious Rules of this Mysterious Art without Imposture or invidious Reserve The very Catalogue of Fruits and Flowers for the Orchard and the Parterre will gratify the most innocent of the Senses and whoever else shall be to seek a rare and universal choice for his Plantation Touching the Method it is so obvious that there needs no farther direction and the Consequent will prove so certain that a Work of the busiest pains is by this little Instrument rendered the most facile and agreeable as by which you shall continually preserve your Garden in that perfection of beauty and lustre without confusion or prejudice Nor indeed could we think of a more comprehensive Expedient whereby to assist the frail and torpent Memory through so multifarious and numerous an Employment the daily subject of a Gardiner's care then by the Oeconomy and Discipline which we have here consigned it to and which our Industrious Gardener may himself be continually Improving from his own Observations and Experience In the mean time we have at the instance of very many Persons who have been pleased to acknowledge the effects of a former less perfect Impression thought good to publish this second Edition in a smaller Volume that as an Enchiridion it may be the more ready and useful but the Calendar might be considerably augmented and recommend itself to a more Universal use by taking in the Monthly Employments of all the parts of Agriculture as they have been begun to us in Columella Palladius Col. de R. R. lib 11. c. 11. de Serres Augustino Gallo Vincenzo Tanara Pall. lib. 1. Tit. 1. our Tusser Markham and others especially if well and judiciously applied to the Climate and several Countries but it were here besides our Institution nor would the Pages contain them what is yet found vacant has been purposely left that our Gardener may supply as he finds cause for which reason likewise we have ranged both the Fruits and Flowers in Prime after somewhat a promiscuous Order and not after the letters of the Alphabet that the Method might be pursued with the least disorder Lastly The Fruits and Flowers in Prime are to be as well considered in relation to their lasting and continuance as to their maturity and beauty J. E. Kalendarium Hortense ♒ JANUARY Hath xxxj days long 8 h-0 m Sun rises 8 h-0 m Sets 4 h-0 m Note that for the Rising and Setting of the Sun and Length of the days I compute from the first of every Month London Lat. To be done In the Orchard and Olitory-Garden TRench the Ground and make it ready for the Spring prepare also Soil and use it where you have occasion Dig Borders etc. uncover as yet Roots of Trees where Ablaqueation is requisite Plant Quicksets and Transplant Fruit-trees if not finished Set Vines and begin to prune the old Prune the branches of Orchard-fruit-trees especially the long planted and that towards the decrease but for such as are newly planted they need not be disbranched till the Sap gins to stir that so the wound may be healed with the scar and stub which our frosts do frequently leave In this work cut off all the shoot of August unless the nakedness of the place incline you to spare it Consult my French Gardener part 1. sect 3. for this is a most material Address You may now begin to Nail and trim your Wall-fruit and Espaliers Cleanse Trees of Moss etc. the Wether moist Gather Cyons for Graffs before the buds sprout and about the later end Graff them in the Stock Pears Cherries and Plums and remove your Kirnel-stocks to more commodious distances in your Nursery cutting off the top-root Set Beans Pease etc. Sow also if you please for early Colly-flowers Sow Chervil Lettuce Radish and other more delicate Salletings if you will raise in the Hot-bed In over wet or hard weather cleanse mend sharpen and prepare Garden-tools Turn up your Bee-hives and sprinkle them with a little warm and sweet Wort do it dextrously Fruits in Prime and yet lasting Apples KEntish-pepin Russet-pepin Golden-pepin French-pepin Kirton-pepin Holland-pepin john-apple Winter-Queening Marigold Harvey-apple Pome-water Pomeroy Golden-Doucet Reineting Lones-Pearmain Winter-Pearmain etc. Pears Winter Musk bakes well Winter Norwich excellently baked Winter Bergamot Winter Boncrestien both Mural the great Surrein etc. ♒ JANUARY Hath xxxj days long 8 h-0 m Sun rises 8 h-0 m Sets 4 h-0 m To be done In the Parterre and Flower-Garden SEt up your Traps for Vermin especially in your Nurseries of Kernels and Stones and amongst your Bulbous-roots About the middle of this Month plant your Anemony-roots and Ranunculus' which you will be secure of without covering or farther trouble Preserve from too great and continuing Rains if they happen Snow and Frost your choicest Anemonies and Ranunculus' sowed in September or October for earlier Flowers Also your Carnations and such Seeds as are in peril of being washed out or over chilled and frozen covering them under shelter and striking off the Snow where it lies too weighty for it certainly rots and bursts your early-set Anemonies and Ranunculus' &c. unless planted now in the Hot-bed for now is the Season and they will flower even in London Towards the end earth-up with fresh and light mould the Roots of those Auriculas which the frosts may have uncovered filling up the chinks about the sides of the Pots where your choicest are set but they need not be housed it is a hardy Plant. Flowers in Prime or yet lasting WInter Aconite some Anemonies Winter Cyclamen Black-will Hellebor Brumal-Hyacinth Oriental-Iacinth Levantine-Narcissus Hepatica Prim-roses Laurus-tinus Mezereon Praecoce Tulips etc. especially if raised in the Hot-bed Note That both these Fruits and Flowers are more early or tardy both as to their prime Seasons of eating and perfection of blowing according as the Soil and Situation are qualified by Nature or Accident Note also That in this Recension of Monthly Flowers it is to be understood for the whole period that any Flower continues from its first appearing to its final withering ♓ FEBRUARY Hath xxviij days long 09 h-24 m Sun rises 07 h-13 m Sets 04 h-45 m To be done In the Orchard and Olitory-Garden PRune Fruit-trees and Vines as yet For now is your Season to bind plash nail and dress without danger of frost This to be understood of the most tender and delicate Wall-fruit not finished before do this before this buds and bearers grow turgid and yet in the Nectarine and like delicate Mural-Fruit the later your Pruning the better whatever has been and still is the contrary custom Remove Graffs of former years' Graffing Cut and lay Quicksets and trim up your Palisade Hedges and Espaliers Plant Vines as yet other Shrubs Hops etc. Set all sorts of Kernels and stony Seeds Also sow Beans Pease Radish Parsneps Carrots Onions Garlic etc. and plant Potatoes in your worst ground Now is your Season for Circumposition by Tubs or Baskets of Earth and for laying of Branches to take root You may plant forth your Cabbage-plants Rub Moss off your Trees after a soaking Rain and scrape and cleanse them of Cankers etc. draining away the wet if need require from the too much moistened Roots and earth up those Roots of your Fruit-trees if any were uncovered Cut off the Webs of Caterpillars etc. from the Tops of Twigs and Trees to burn Gather Worms in the Evenings after Rain Kitchen-Garden herbs may now be planted as Parsley spinach and other hardy Potherbs Towards the middle or latter end of this Month till the Sap rises briskly Graff in the Cleft and so continue till the last of March they will hold Apples Pears Cherries Plums etc. the New-Moon and the Old-Wood is best Now also plant out your Colly-flowers to have early and begin to make your Hot-bed for the first Melons and Cucumbers to be sowed in the Full but trust not altogether to them Sow Asparagus Lastly Half open your passages for the Bees or a little before if weather invite but continue to feed weak Stocks etc. Fruits in Prime or yet lasting Apples KEntish Kirton Russet Holland Pippins Deuxans Winter Queening Harvey sometimes Pome-water Pome-roy Golden Doucet Reineting Lones Pearmain Winter Pearmain etc. Pears Bonchrestien of Winter Winter Poppering Little Dagobert etc. ♓ FEBRUARY Hath xxviij days long 09 h-24 m Sun rises 07 h-13 m Sets 04 h-45 m To be done In the Parterre and Flower-Garden Continued Vermin Traps etc. Sow Alaternus seeds in Cases or open Beds cover them with thorns that the Poultry scratch them not out Now and then air your housed Carnations in warm days especially and mild showers but if like to prove cold set them in again at night Furnish now towards the end your Aviaries with Birds before they couple etc. Flowers in Prime or yet lasting WInter Aconite single Anemonies and some double Tulips praecoce Hyacinthus Stellatus Vernal Crocus Black Hellebore single Hepatica Persian Iris Leucoium bulbosum Dens Caninus three leaved Vernal Cyclamen white and red Mezereon Ornithogal max alb Yellow Violets with large leaves early Daffodils etc. ♈ MARCH Hath xxxj days long 11 h-22 m Sun rises 06 h-19 m Sets 05 h-41 m To be done In the Orchard and Olitory-Garden YEt Stercoration is seasonable and you may plant what Trees are left though it be something of the latest unless in very backward or moist places Now is your chiefest and best time for raising on the Hot-bed Melons Cucumbers Gourds etc. which about the sixth eighth or tenth day will be ready for the Seeds and eight days after prick them forth at distances according to the Method etc. If you will have them later begin again in ten or twelve days after the first and so a third time to make Experiments Remember to preserve the Hot-bed as much as possible from Rain for cool him you may easily if too violent but not give it a competent heat if it be spent without new making Graff all this Month beginning with Pears and ending with Apples unless the Spring prove extraordinary forwards Now also plant Peaches and Nectarines but cut not off the top-roots as you do of other Trees for 't will much prejudice them Prune last years Graffs and cut off the heads of your budded-stocks Take off the Litter from your Kirnel-beds see Octob. or you may forbear till April You may as yet cut Quicksets and cover such Treeroots as you laid bare in Autumn It were profitable now also to top your Rosetrees a little with your Knife near a leaf-bud and to prune off the dead and withered branches keeping them lower than the custom is and to a single Stem Slip and set Sage Rosemary Lavender Thyme etc. Sow in the beginning Endive Succory Leeks Radish Beets Chard-Beet Scorzonera Parsnips Skirrets Parsley Sorrel Bugloss borage Chervil Sellery Smalladge Alisanders' &c. Several of which continue many years without renewing and are most of them to be blanched by laying them under litter and earthing up Sow also Lettuce Onions Garlic Orach Purslan Turnips to have early monthly Pease etc. these annually Transplant the Beet-chard which you sowed in August to have most ample Chards Sow also Carrots Cabbages Cresses Fennel Majoran Basil Tobacco etc. And transplant any sort of Medicinal Herbs Mid March dress up and string your Strawberry-beds and uncover your Asparagus spreading and loosening the Mould about them for their more easy penetrating Also may you now transplant Asparagus roots to make new Beds By this time your Bees sit keep them close Night and Morning if the weather prove ill Turn your Fruit in the Room where it lies but open not yet the windows Fruits in Prime or yet lasting Apples GOlden Ducat Doucet Pippins Reineting Lones Pearmain Winter Pearmain john Apple etc. Pears Later Bon-Chrestein Double Blossom Pear etc. ♈ MARCH Hath xxxj days long 11 h-22 m Sun rises 06 h-19 m Sets 5 h-41 m To be done In the Parterre and Flower-Garden STake and bind up your weakest Plants and Flowers against the Winds before they come too fiercely and in a moment prostrate a whole years' labour Plant Box etc. in Parterres Sow Pinks Sweet-williams and Carnations from the middle to the end of this Month Sow Pine-kernels Firr-seeds Bays Alaternus Philyrea and most perennial Greene's etc. Or you may stay till somewhat later in the Month Sow Auricula-seeds in pots or cases in fine willow earth a little loamy and place what you sowed in September which is the more proper Season now in the shade and water it Plant some Anemony roots to bear late and successively especially in and about London where the Smoke is any thing tolerable and if the Season be very dry water them well once in two or three days as likewise Ranunculus' Fibrous roots may be transplanted about the middle of this Month such as Hepatica's Primroses Auricula's Cammomile Hyacinth Tuberose Matricaria Gentianella Hellebore and other Summer Flowers Set Leucoium Slip the Keris or Wall flower and towards the end Lupins Convolvulu's Spanish or ordinary jasmine Towards the middle or latter end of March sow on the Hot-bed such Plants as are late bearing Flowers or Fruit in our Climate as Balsamine and Balsamum mass Pomum Amoris Datura Aethiopic Apples some choice Amaranthus Dactyls Geranium's Hedysarum Clipeatum Humble and Sensitive Plants Lentiscus Myrtle-berries steeped a while Capsicum Indicum Canna Indica Flos Africanus Mirabile Peruian Nasturtium Ind Indian Phaseoli Volubilis Myrrh Carrobs Maracoc sive Flos Passionis and the like rare and exotic Plants which are brought us from hot Countries Note That the Nasturtium Ind. African marigolds Volubilis and some others will come though not altogether so forwards in the Cold-bed without Art But the rest require much and constant heat and therefore several Hot-beds till the common earth be very warm by the advance of the Sun to bring them to a due stature and perfect their Seeds Therefore your choicest Amaranthus being risen pretty high remove them into another temperate Hot-bed the same you may do with your African and Sensitive Plants especially which always keep under Glasses About the expiration of this Month carry into the shade such Auriculas Seedlings or Plants as are for their choiceness reserved in Pots Transplant also Carnation seedlings giving your Layers fresh earth and setting them in the shade for a week than likewise cut off all the sick and infected leaves for now you may set your choice ones out of Covert as directed in February Now do the farewel-frosts and Easterly-winds prejudice your choicest Tulips and spot them therefore cover such with Mats or Canvas to prevent freckles and sometimes destruction The same care have of your most precious Anemonies Auricula's Chamae-iris Brumal jacynths early Cyclamen etc. Wrap your shorn Cypress tops with straw wisps if the Eastern blasts prove very tedious About the end uncover some Plants but with Caution for the tail of the Frosts yet continuing and sharp winds with the sudden darting heat of the Sun scorch and destroy them in a moment and in such weather neither sow nor transplant Sow Stock-gilly-flower-seeds in the Full to produce double flowers Now may you set your Oranges Lemons myrtles Oleanders' Lentiscs Dates Aloes Amomums and like tender Trees and Plants in the Portico or with the windows and doors of the Green-houses and Conservatories open for eight or ten days before April or earlier if the Season invite to acquaint them gradually with the Air but trust not the Nights unless the weather be thoroughly settled Now is also your Season to raise Stocks to bud Oranges and Lemons on by sowing the Seeds and some of the hardiest Ever-greens may be transplanted especially if the weather be moist and temperate Lastly Bring in materials for the Birds in the Aviary to build their Nests withal Flowers in Prime or yet lasting ANemonies Spring Cyclamen Winter Aconite Crocus Bellis white and black Hellebor single and double Hepatica Leucoion Chamae-iris of all colours Dens Caninus Violets Fritillaria Chelidonium small with double Flowers Hermodactyls Tuberous Iris Hyacynth Zeboin Brumal Oriental etc. junquils great Chaliced Dutch Mezereon Persian Iris Auricula's Narcissus with large tufts common double and single Primroses Praecoce Tulips Spanish Trumpets or junquilles Violets yellow Dutch Violets Ornithogalum max alb Crown Imperial Grape Flowers Almonds and Peach-blossoms Rubus odoratus Arbour judae etc. ♉ APRIL Hath xxx days long 13 h-23 m Sun rises 05 h-18 m Sets 05 h-42 m To be done In the Orchard and Olitory-Garden SOw sweet Majoran Hyssop Basil Thyme Winter Savory Scurvey-grass and all fine and tender Seeds that require the Hot-bed Sow also Lettuce Purslan Caully-flower Radish etc. Plant Articho●k slips etc. Set French-beans etc. You may yet slip Lavender Thyme ●eneroyal Sage Rosemary etc. Towards the middle of this Month begin to plant forth your Melons and Cucumbers and so to the later end your Ridges well prepared Gather up Worms and Snails after evening showers continue this also after all Summer-rains Open now your Bee-hives for now they hatch look carefully to them and prepare your Hives etc. Fruits in Prime and yet lasting Apples Pippins Deuxans West-berry-apple Russeting Gillyflowers flat Reinet etc. Pears Later Boncrestien Oak-pear etc. double Blossom etc. ♉ APRIL Hath xxx days long 13 h-23 m Sun rises 05 h-18 m Sets 5 h-42 m To be done In the Parterre and Flower-Garden SOw divers Annuals to have Flowers all Summer as double Marigolds Digitalis Delphinium Cyanus of all sorts Candy-tufts Garden Pansy Muscipula Scabious Scorpoides Medica Holy-hocks Columbines which renew every five or six years else they will degenerate etc. Continue new and fresh Hot-beds to entertain such exotic Plants as arrive not to their perfection without them till the Air and common earth be qualified with sufficient warmth to preserve them abroad A Catalogue of these you have in the former Month Transplant such Fibrous-roots as you had not finished in March as Violets Hepatica Primroses Hellebor Matricaria etc. Place Auricula Seedlings in the shade Sow Pinks Carnations which you may continue to trim up and cleanse from dead and rotten leaves viz. your old roots Sow Sweet-Williams etc. to flower next year this after rain Set Lupins etc. Sow Lucoium in Fullmoon sprinkle it thin frequently remove them and replant in moist weather the following Spring Sow also yet Pine-kernels Fir-seeds Phillyrea Alaternus and most perennial Greene's Now take out your Indian Tuberoses parting the Off-sets but with care lest you break their fangs than pot them in natural not forced Earth a layer of rich mould beneath and about this natural earth to nourish the fibres but not so as to touch the Bulbs then plunge your pots in a Hot-bed temperately warm and give them no water till they spring and then set them under a South-wall In dry weather water them freely and expect an incomparable flower in August Thus likewise treat the Narcissus of japan or Garnsey-Lilly for a later flower likewise the protuberant fangs of the Yuca and make much of this precious Direction Set out and expose Flos Cardinalis Slip and set Marums Water Anemonies Ranunculus' and Plants in Pots and Cases once in two or three days if drought require it But carefully protect from violent storms of Rain Hail and the too parching darts of the Sun your Pennached Tulips Ranunculus' Anemonies Auricula's covering them with Matresses supported on cradles of hoops which have now in readiness Now is the Season for you to bring the choice and tender shrubs etc. out of the Conservatory such as you durst not adventure forth in March let it be in a fair day only your Orange-trees may remain in the house till May to prevent all danger You may now graft these tender shrubs etc. by Approach viz. Oranges Lemons Pomegranads jasmins etc. Now towards the end of April you may Transplant and Remove your tender shrubs etc. as Spanish jasmines myrtles Oleanders' young Oranges Cyclamen Pomegranads etc. but first let them begin to sprout placing them a fortnight in the shade but about London it may be better to defer this work till mid August Vide also May from whence take directions how to refresh and trim them Prune now your Spanish jasmine within an inch or two of the stock but first see it begin to shoot Mow Carpet-walks and ply Weeding etc. Towards the end if the cold winds are passed and especially after showers clip Phillyrea Alaternus Cypress Box Myrtyls Barba jovis and other tonsile shrubs etc. Flowers in Prime or yet lasting ANemonies Ranunculus' Auricula Vrsi Chamae-iris Crown Imperial Caprifolium Cyclamen Dens Caninus Fritillaria Genti●nella Hypericum frutex double Hepatic's jacynth starry double Daisies Florence-Iris tufted Narcissus white double and common English double Primrose Cowslips Pulsatilla Ladies-smock Tulips medias Ranunculus' of Tripoli white Violets Musk-Grape-flower Geranium Radix Cava Caltha palustris Parietaria Lutea Leucoium Persian Lilies Paeonies double jonquils Muscaria reversed Cochlearia Persian jasmine Acanthus Lilac Rosemary Cherries Wall-pears Almonds Apricots Peaches White-thorn Arbour judae blossoming etc. ♊ MAY Hath xxxj days long 15 h-09 m Sun rises 04 h-25 m Sets 07 h-35 m To be done In the Orchard and Olitory-Garden SOw Sweet-Majoran Basil Thyme hot and Aromatic Herbs and Plants which are the most tender Sow Purslan to have young Lettuce large-sided Cabbage painted Beans etc. Look carefully to your Melons and towards the end of this Month forbear to cover them any longer on the Ridges either with Straw or Matresses etc. Ply the Laboratory and distil Plants for Waters Spirits etc. Continue Weeding before they run to Seeds Now set your Bees at full Liberty look out often and expect Swarms etc. Fruits in Prime or yet lasting Apples Pippins Deuxans or john-apples West-berry-apples Russeting Gilly-flower-apples the Maligar etc. Coddling Pears Great Kairville Winter-Bon-Cretienne Black-pear of Worcester Surrein Double-Blossom-pear etc. Cherries etc. The May-Cherry Strawberries etc. ♊ MAY Hath xxxj days long 15 h-09 m Sun rises 04 h-25 m Sets 07 h-35 m To be done In the Parterre and Flower-Garden NOw bring your Oranges etc. boldly out of the Conservatory 't is your only Season to Transplant and Remove them let the Cases be filled with natural-earth such as is taken the first half spit from just under the Turf of the best Pasture ground in a place that has been well fothered on mixing it with one part of rotten Cowdung or very mellow Soil screened and prepared some time before if this be too stiff sift a little Lime discreetly with it with the rotten sticks of Willows Then cutting the Roots a little especially at bottom set your Plant but not too deep rather let some of the Roots appear Lastly settle it with temperately enriched water not too much having put some rubbish of Lime-stones pebbles shells or the like at the bottom of the Cases to make the moisture passage and keep the earth lose for fear of rotting the fibres See Novemb. Then set them in the shade for a fortnight and afterwards expose them to the Sun Give now also all your housed plants fresh earth at the surface in place of some of the old earth a hand-depth or so and loosening the rest with a fork without wounding the Roots let this be of excellent rich soil such as is throughly consumed and will sift that it may wash in the virtue and comfort the Plant Brush and cleanse them likewise from the dust contracted during their Enclosure These two last directions have till now been kept as considerable Secrets amongst our gardeners vide Angust and September Shade your Carnations and Gillyflowers after midday about this Season Plant also your Stock-gilly-flowers in beds full Moon Continue watering Ranunculus' Transplant forth your Amaranthus' where you would have them stand Sow Antirrhinum or you may set it Gather what Anemony-seed you find ripe and that is worth saving preserving it very dry Cut likewise the Stalks of such Bulbous-flowers as you find dry Towards the end take up those Tulips which are dried in the stalk covering what you find to lie bare from the Sun and showers Flowers in Prime or yet lasting LAte set Anemonies and Ranunculus omn. gen Anapodophylon Blattaria Chamae-iris Angustifol Cyanus Cytisus Maranthe Cyclamen Heleborine Columbines Caltha palustris double Cotyledon Digitatis Fraxinella Gladiolus Geranium Horminum Creticum yellow Hemerocallis stripped jacynth early Bulbous Iris Asphodel yellow Lilies Lychnis jacea Bellis double white and red Millefolium luteum Phalangium Orchis Lilium Convallium Span. Pinks Deptford Pinks Rosa common Cinnamon Gelder & Centifol etc. Oleaster Chery-bay Trachelium Cowslips Hesperis Antirrhinum Syringas Sedums Tulips Serotin etc. Valerian Veronica double and single Musk Violets Lady's Slipper Stock-gilly-flowers Spanish Nut Star-flower Chalcedons ordinary Crowfoot red Martagon Bee-flowers Campanula's white and blue Persian Lily Honeysuckles Buglosss Homer's Moly and the white of Dioscorides Pansys Prunella purple Thalictrum Sisymbrium double and simple Leucoium bulbosum serotinum Peonies Sambucus Rosemary Staechas Barba jovis Laurus Satyrion Oxyacanthus Tamariscus Apple-blossoms etc. ♋ JUNE Hath xxx days long 16 h-17 m Sun rises 03 h-51 m Sets 08 h-09 m To be done In the Orchard and Olitory-Garden SOw Lettuce Chervil Radish etc. to have young and tender Salleting About the midst of june you may Inoculate Peaches Apricots Cherries Plums Apples Pears etc. You may now also or in May before cleanse Vines of exuberant branches and tendrels cropping not cutting and stopping the second joint immediately before the Fruit and some of the under branches which bear no fruit especially in young Vineyards when they first begin to bear and thence forwards binding up the rest to props Gather Herbs in the Full to keep dry they keep and retain their virtue and sweet smell better dried in the shade than Sun whatever some pretend Now is your Season to distil Aromatic Plants etc. Water lately planted Trees and put moist and half rotten Fearn etc. about the foot of their Stems Look to your Bees for Swarms and Casts and begin to destroy Infects with Hoofs Canes and tempting baits etc. Gather Snails after Rain etc. Fruits in Prime or yet lasting Apples JVniting first ripe Pippins john-apples Robillard Red-fennovil etc. French Pears The Maudlin first ripe Madera Green-Royal St. Laurence-pear etc. Cherries etc. Duke Flanders Heart Black Red. White Luke-ward early Flanders the Common-Cherry Spanish black Naples Cherries etc. Raspberries Corinth's Strawberries Melons etc. ♋ JUNE Hath xxx days long 16 h-17 m Sun rises 03 h-51 m Sets 08 h-09 m To be done In the Parterre and Flower-Garden TRansplant Autumnal Cyclamen now if you would change their place otherwise let them stand Take up Iris Chalcedon Gather the ripe Seeds of Flowers worth the saving as of choicest Oriental jacynth Narcissus the two lesser pale spurious Daffodils of a whitish green often produce varieties Auricula's Ranunculus' &c. and preserve them dry Shade your Carnations from the afternoon Sun You may now begin to lay your Gillyflowers Take up your rarest Anemonies and Ranunculus' after rain if it come seasonable the stalk withered and dry the roots well This about the end of the Month In mid june inoculate jasmine Roses and some other rare shrubs Sow now also some Anemony seeds Take up your Tulip-bulbs burying such immediately as you find naked upon your beds or else plant them in some cooler place and refresh over-parched beds with water Water your Pots of Narcissus of japan that rare Flower etc. Stop some of your Scabious from running to seed the first year by now removing them and next year they will produce excellent flowers Also may you now take up all such Plants and Flower-roots as endure not well out of the ground and replant them again immediately such as the early Cyclamen jacynth Oriental and other bulbous jacynths Iris Fritillaria Crown-Imperial Martagon Muscaris Dens Caninus etc. The slips of Myrtil set in some cool and moist place do now frequently take root Also Cytisus lunatus will be multiplied by slips in a moist place such as are an handful long of that Spring but neither by Seeds or Layers Look now to your Aviary for now the Birds grow sick of their Feathers therefore assist them with Emulsions of the cooler seeds bruised in their water as Melons Cucumbers etc. Also give them Succory Beets groundsel Chickweed etc. Flowers in Prime or yet lasting AMaranthus Antirrhinum Asphodel Campanula Convolvulus Cyclamen Clematis Pannonica Cyanus Blattaria Digitalis Gladiolus Hedysarum Geranium Horminum Creticum Hieracium Hesperis bulbous Iris and divers others Lychnis var. generum Martagon white and red Millefolium white and yellow Nasturtium Indicum Nigella Aster Atticus Hellebor Alb Gentiana Trachelium Ficus Indica Fraxinella shrub Nightshade jasmines Honey-suckles Genista Hisp Carnations Pinks Armerius Ornithogalum Pansy Phalangium Virginianum Larks-heel early Pilosella Roses Thlaspi Creticum etc. Veronica Viola pentaphyl Campions or Sultan's Mountain Lilies white red double Poppies Stock-gilly-flowers Corn-flag Holly-hoc Muscaria Serpyllum Citratum Phalangium Allobrogicum Oranges Rosemary Lentiscus Pomegranade the Limetree etc. ♌ JULY Hath xxxj days long 15 h-59 m Sun rises 04 h-00 m Sets 8 h-00 m To be done In the Orchard and Olitory-Garden SOw Lettuce Radish etc. to have tender salleting Sow later Pease to be ripe six weeks after Michaelmas Water young planted Trees and Layers etc. and reprune now Apricots and Peaches saving as many of the young likeliest shoots as are well placed for the now Bearers commonly perish the new ones succeeding Cut close and even purging your Wall-fruit of superfluous leaves which hinder from the Sun but do it discreetly You may now also begin to Inoculate Let such Olitory-herbs run to seed as you would save Towards the later end visit your Vineyards again etc. and stop the exuberant shoots at the second joint above the fruit if not finished before but not so as to expose it to the Sun Remove long-sided Cabbages planted in May to head in Autumn 't is the best Cabage in the World Now begin to straighten the entrance of your Bees a little and help them to kill their Drones if you observe too many setting the new invented Cucurbit-Glasses of Beer mingled with Honey to entice the Wasps Flies etc. which waste your store Also hang Bottles of the same Mixture near your Red-Roman-Nectarines and other tempting fruits for their destruction else they many times invade your best Fruit. Look now also diligently under the leaves of Mural-Trees for the Snails they stick commonly somewhat above the fruit pull not off what is bitten for than they will certainly begin afresh Fruits in Prime or yet lasting Apples Deuxans Pippins Winter Russeting Andrew-apples Cinnamon-apple red and white juniting the Margaret apple etc. Pears The Primate Russet-pears Summer-pears green Chesil-pears Pearl-pear etc. Cherries Carnations Morella Great-bearer Morocca-Cherry the Egriot Bigarreaux etc. Peaches Nutmeg Isabel Persian Newington Violet-muscat Rambovillet Plums etc. Primordial Myrobalan the red blue and amber Violet Damasc. Denny Damasc. Pear-plum Damasc. Violet or Cheson-plum Abricot-plum Cinnamon-plum the Kings-plum Spanish Morocco-plum Lady Eliz. plum Tawny Damascene etc. Raspberries Goose-berries Corinth's Strawberries Melons etc. ♌ JULY Hath xxxj days long 15 h-59 m Sun rises 04 h-00 ● Sets 08 h-00 m To be done In the Parterre and Flower-Garden SLip Stocks and other lignous Plants and Flowers From henceforth to Michaelmas you may also lay Gillyflowers and Carnations for Increase leaving not above two or three spindle's for flowers and nipping off superfluous buds with supports cradles canes or hooves to establish them against winds and destroy Earwigs The Layers will in a month or six weeks strike root being planted in a light loamy earth mixed with excellent rotten soil and siefted plant six or eight in a pot to save room in Winter keep them well from too much Rains yet water them in drought sparing the leaves If it prove too wet lay your pots side-long but shade those which blow from the afternoon Sun as in the former Months Yet also you may lay Myrtils Laurels and other curious Greene's Water young planted Shrubs and Layers etc. as Orange-trees Myrtils Granads Amomum etc. Clip Box etc. in Parterres Knots and Compartments if need be and that it grow out of order do it after Rain Graff by Approach Inarch or Inoculate jasmines Oranges and other your choicest Shrubs Take up your early autumnal Cyclamen Tulips and Bulbs if you will Remove them etc. before mentioned Transplanting them immediately or a Month after if you please and then cutting off and trimming the fibres spread them to Air in some dry place Gather Tulip-seed if you please but let it lie in the pods Gather now also your early Cyclamen-seed and sow it presently in Pots Remove seedling Crocus' sowed in September constantly at this Season placing them at wider intervals till they begin to bear Likewise you may take up some Anemonies Ranunculus' Crocus Crown Imperial Persian Iris Fritillaria and Colchicums but plant the three last as soon as you have taken them up as you did the Cyclamen or you may stay till August or September ere you take them up and replant Colchicums Remove now Dens Caninus etc. Take up your Gladiolus now yearly the blades being dry or else their Off-sets will poison the ground Latter end of july sieft your Beds for Off-sets of Tulips and all Bulbous-roots also for Anemonies Ranunculus' &c. which will prepare it for re-planting with such things as you have ready in Pots to plunge or set in naked earth till the next season as Amaranths Canna Ind. Mirabile Peruv Capsicum Ind. Nasturtium Ind. etc. that they may not lie empty and disfurnished You may sow some Anemonies keeping them temperately moist Continue to cut off the withered stalks of your lower flowers etc. and all others covering with earth the bared roots etc. Now in the driest Season with Brine Potashes and Water or a decoction of Tobacco refuse water your Gravel-walks etc. to destroy both Worms and Weeds of which it will cure them for some years Flowers in Prime or yet lasting AMaranthus Asphodel Antirrhinum Campanula Clematis Cyanus Convolvulus Sultana Veronica purple and odoriferous Digitalis Eryngium Planum Ind. Phaseolus Geranium triste and Creticum Gladiolus Gentiana Hesperis Nigella Hedysarum Fraxinella Lychnis Chalcaedon jacea white and double Nasturt Ind. Millefolium Musk-rose Flos Africanus Thlaspi Creticum Veronica mag & parva Volubilis Balsam-apple Holy-hoc Corn-flower Alkekengi Lupins Scorpion-grass Caryophyllata omn. gen Stock-gilly-flower Scabiosa Mirab Peru Spartum Hispan Monthly rose jasmine Indian Tuberous jacynth Limonium Linaria Cretica Pansies Prunella Delphinium Phalangium Periploca Virgin Flos Passionis Flos Cardinalis Yucca Oranges Amomum Plinii Oleanders' red and white Agnus Castus Arbutus Olive Ligustrum Tilia etc. ♍ AUGUST Hath xxxj days long 14 h-33 m Sun rises 04 h-43 m Sets 07 h-17 m To be done In the Orchard and Olitory-Garden INoculate now early if before you began not and gather your bud of that year Let this work be done before you remove the Stocks Prune off yet also superfluous branches and shoots of this second spring but be careful not to expose the fruit without leaves sufficient to screen it from the Sun furnishing and nailing up what you will spare to cover the defects of your Walls Continue yet to cleanse your Vines from exuberant branches that too much hinder the Sun Pull up the Suckers Clip Roses now done bearing Sow Radish pale tender Cabbages Caully-flowers for Winter Plants Corn-sallet Marygolds Lettuce Carrots Parsneps Turnips spinach Onions also curled Endive Angelica Scurvygrass etc. Likewise now pull up ripe Onions and Garlic etc. Towards the end sow Purslan Chard-beet Chervile etc. Transplant such Lettuce as you will have abide all Winter Gather your Olitory-seeds and clip and cut all such Herbs and Plants within one handful of the ground before the full Lastly Unbind and release the Buds you inoculated if taken etc. likewise stop and prune them Now vindemiate and take your Bees towards the expiration of this Month unless you see cause by reason of the Wether and Season to defer it till mid September But if your Stocks be very light and weak begin the earlier Make your Summer Perry and Cider Fruits in Prime and yet lasting Apples THe Ladies Longing the Kirkham Apple john Apple the Seaming Apple Cushion Apple Spicing May-flower Sheep's snout Pears Windsor Sovereign Orange Bergamot Slipper Pear Red Catherine King Catherine Denny Pear Prusia Pear Summer Poppering Sugar Pear Lording Pear etc. Peaches Roman Peach Man Peach Quince Peach Rambovillet Musk Peach Grand Carnation Portugal Peach Crown Peach Bourdeaux Peach Lavar Peach the Peach Des pot Savoy Malacoton which lasts till Michaelmas Nectarines The Muroy Nectarine Tawny Red Roman little Green Nectarine Cluster Nectarine Yellow Nectarine Plums Imperial Blue White Dates Yellow Pear-plum Black Pear-plum White Nutmeg late Pear-plum Great Anthony Turkey Plum the jane Plum Other Fruit. Cluster-grape Muscadine Corinth's Cornelians Mulberries Figs Filberts Melons etc. ♍ AUGUST Hath xxxj days long 14 h-33 m Sun rises 04 h-43 m Sets 07 h-17 m To be done In the Parterre and Flower-Garden NOw and not till now if you expect success is the just Season for the budding of the Orange Tree Inoculate therefore at the commencement of this Month Now likewise take up your bulbous Iris' or you may sow their seeds as also those of Larks-heel Candy-tufts Columbines Iron-coloured Fox-gloves Holly-hocks and such Plants as endure Winter and the approaching Seasons Plant some Anemony roots to have flowers all Winter if the roots escape and take up your seedlings of last year which now transplant for bearing also plant Dens Caninus Autumnal Crocus and Colchicums Note that English Saffron may be suffered to stand for increase to the third or fourth year without removing You may now sow Narcissus and Oriental jacynths and re-plant such as will not do well out of the Earth as Fritillaria Hyacinths Martagon Dens Caninus Lilies Gillyflowers may yet be slipped Continue your taking up of Bulbs dry them and lay them up Lilies etc. of which before Gather from day to day your Alaternus seed as it grows black and ripe and spread it to sweat and dry before you put it up therefore move it sometimes with a broom that the seeds clog not together Water well your Balsamine foem Most other Seeds may now likewise be gathered from shrubs which you find ripe About mid August transplant Auricula's dividing old and lusty roots also prick out your Seedlings They best like a loamy sand or light moist Earth yet rich and shaded You may likewise sow Auricula Now towards the latter end you may sow Anemony seeds Ranunculus' &c. lightly covered with fit mould in Cases shaded and frequently refreshed Also Cyclamen jacynths Iris Hepatica Primroses Fritillaria Martagon Fraxinella Tulips etc. but with patience for some of them because they flower not till three four five six and seven years after especially the Tulips therefore disturb not their beds and let them be under some warm place shaded yet till the heats are past lest the seeds dry only the Hepatica's and Primroses may be sowed in some less exposed Beds Now about Bartholomew-tide is the only secure season for removing and laying your perennial Greene's Oranges Lemons myrtles Phillyreas Oleanders' jasmines Arbutus and other rare Shrubs as Pomegranads Monthly Roses and whatever is most obnoxious to frosts taking the shoots and branches of the past Spring and pegging them down in very rich earth and soil perfectly consumed water them upon all occasions during the Summer and by this time twelvemonth they will be ready to remove Transplanted in fit earth set in the shade and kept moderately moist not over wet lest the young fibres rot after three weeks set them in some more airy place but not in the Sun till fifteen days more Vide our Observations in April and May for the rest of these choice Directions Flowers in Prime or yet lasting AMaranthus Anagallis Lusitanica Aster Atticus Blattaria Spanish Bells Belvedere Carnations Campanula Clematis Cyclamen Vernum Datura Turcica Eliochryson Eryngium planum & Amethystinum Geranium Creticum and Triste Yellow Stocks Hieration minus Alpestre Tuberose's Hyacinth Limonium Linaria Cretica Lychnis Mirabile Peruvian Yellow Millefol Nasturt Ind. Yellow mountain Hearts-ease Maracoc Africanus flos Convolvulus' Scabious Asphodils Delphinium Lupins Colchicum Leucoion Autumnal Hyacinth Holly-hoc Star-wort Heliotrop French Marigold Daisies Geranium nocte olens Common Pansies Larks-heels of all colours Nigella Heleborus Balsamin faem Lobells Catch-fly Thlaspi Creticum Rosemary Musk-Rose Monthly Rose Oleanders' Spanish jasmine Yellow Indian jasmine Myrtyls Oranges Pomegranads double and single flowers Shrub Spiraea Agnus Castus etc. ♎ SEPTEMBER Hath xxx days long 12 h-37 m Sun rises 05 h-41 m Sets 06 h-19 m To be done In the Orchard and Olitory-Garden GAther now if ripe your Winter Fruits as Apples Pears Plums etc. to prevent their falling by the great Winds Also gather your Windfalls from day to day do this work in dry weather Release Inoculated Buds or sooner if they pinch Sow Lettuce Radish spinach Parsneps Skirrets etc. Caully-flowers Cabbages Onions etc. Scurvygrass Annis-seeds etc. Now may you Transplant most sorts of Esculent or Physical Plants etc. Also Artichokes and Asparagus-roots Sow also Winter Herbs and Roots and plant Strawberries out of the Woods Towards the end earth up your Winter Plants and Salad herbs and plant forth your Caully-flowers and Cabbages which were sown in August No longer now defer the taking of your Bees streightning the entrances of such Hives as you leave to a small passage and continue still your hostility against Wasps and other robbing Infects Cider-making continues Fruits in Prime or yet lasting Apples THe Belle-bonne the William Summer Pearmain Lordding-apple Pear-apple Quince-apple Red-greening ribbed Bloody-Pepin Harvey Violet-apple etc. Pears Hamdens' Bergamot first ripe Summer Bon Chrestien Norwich Black Worcester baking Greenfield Orange Bergamot the Queen hedg-pear Lewes-pear to dry excellent Frith-pear Arundel-pear also to bake Brunswick-pear Winter Poppering Bings-pear Bishop-pear baking Diego Emperours-pear Cluster-pear Messire jean Rowling-pear Balsam-pear Bezy d' Hery etc. Peaches etc. Malacoton and some others if the year prove backwards Almonds etc. Quinces Little Blew-grape Muscadine-grape Frontiniac Parsley great Blew-grape the Verjuice-grape excellent for sauce etc. Berberries etc. ♎ SEPTEMBER Hath xxx days long 12 h-37 m Sun rises 05 h-41 m Sets 06 h-19 m To be done In the Parterre and Flower-Garden PLant some of all the sorts of Anemonies in good rich natural earth especially the Latifol after the first Rains if you will have flowers very forwards but it is surer to attend till October or the Month after lest the over moisture of the Autumnal seasons give you cause to repent Now is the most proper season to sow Auricula-seeds setting the Cases in the Sun till April See April Begin now also to plant some Tulips unless you will stay till the later end of October to prevent all hazard of rotting the Bulbs Plant Daffodils and Colchicum All Fibrous Plants such as Hepatica Hellebor Cammomile etc. Also the Capillaries Matricaria Violets Primroses etc. may now be transplanted as likewise Iris Chalcedon Cyclamen etc. Now you may also continue to sow Alaternus Phillyrea or you may forbear till the Spring Iris Crown Imperial Martagon Tulips Delphinium Nigella Candy tufts Poppy and generally all the Annuals which are not impaired by the Frosts Sow Primroses likewise Remove seedling Digitalis and plant the slips of Lychnis at the beginning Your Tuberoses will not endure the wet of this Season therefore set the Pots into your Conserve and keep them very dry Bind now up your Autumn all Flowers and Plants to stakes to prevent sudden Gusts which will else prostrate all you have so industriously raised Now you may take off Gillyflower layers with earth and all and plant them in pots or borders shaded Crocus will be now raised of Seeds About Michaelmas sooner or later as the Season directs the weather fair and by no means foggy retire your choice Greene's and rarest Plants being dry as Oranges Lemons Indian and Span. jasmine Oleanders' Barba-Iovis Amomum Plin. Citysus Lunatus Chamelaea tricoccoes Cistus Ledon Clus●i Dates Aloes Sedums etc. into your Conservatory ordering them with fresh mould as you were taught in May viz. taking away some of the upmost exhausted earth and stirring up the rest fill the Cases with rich and well consumed soil to wash in and nourish the Roots during Winter but as yet leaving the doors and windows open and giving them much Air so the Winds be not sharp nor weather foggy do thus till the cold being more intense advertise you to enclose them all together myrtles will endure abroad near a Month longer The cold now advancing set such Plants as will not endure the House into the earth the pots two or three inches lower than the surface of some bed under a Southern exposure Then cover them with glasses having clothed them first with sweet and dry Moss but upon all warm and benign emissions of the Sun and sweet showers giving them air by taking off all that covers them Thus you shall preserve your costly and precious Marum Syriacum Cistus' Geranium nocte olens Flos Cardinalis Maracocs seedling Arbutus' a very hardy Plant when greater choicest Ranunculus' and Anemonies Acacia Egypt etc. Thus governing them till April Secrets not till now divulged Note That Cats will eat and destroy your Marum Syriacum if they can come at it Flowers in Prime or yet lasting AMaranthus tricolor and others Anagallis of Portugal Antirrhinum African flow Amomum Plinii Aster Atticus Belvedere Bellis Campanula's Colchicum Autumnal Cyclamen Clematis Chrysanthemum angustifol Eupatorium of Canada Sun-flower Stock-gil flow Geranium Cr●ticum and nocte olens Gentianella annual Hieration minus Alpestre Tuberous Indian jacynth Linaria Cretica Lychnis Constant. single and double Limonium Indian Lily Narciss Pomum Aureum and Amoris & Spinosum Ind. Marvel of Peru Millefolium yellow Moly Monspeliens Nasturtium Indicum Persian autumnal Narcissus Virginian Phalangium Indian Phaseolus Scarlet Beans Convolvulus divers gen Candy-tufts Veronica purple Volubilis Asphodel Crocus or Enlish Saffron Garnsey Lily or Narcissus of japan Poppy of all colours single and double Malva arborescens Indian Pinks Aethiopic Apples Capsicum Ind. Gillyflowers Passion-flower Dature double and sing Portugal Ranunculus' Spanish jasmine yellow Virginian jasmine Rhododendron white and red Oranges myrtles Balaustia Musk Rose and Monthly Rose etc. ♏ OCTOBER Hath xxxj days long 10 h-47 m Sun rises 06 h-26 m Sets 05 h-24 m To be done In the Orchard and Olitory-Garden TRench Grounds for Orcharding and the Kitchen-garden to lie for a Winter mellowing Plant dry Trees i Fruit of all sorts Standard Mural or Shrubs which lose their leaf and that so soon as it falls But be sure you choose no Trees for the Wall of above two years' Graffing at the most Now is the time for Ablaqueation and laying bare the Roots of old unthriving or over hasty blooming trees Moon now decreasing gather Winter-fruit that remains weather dry take heed of bruising lay them up clean lest they taint Cut and prune Roses yearly reducing them to a Standard not over tall Plant and Plash Quicksets Remove Graffs after the second year unless Dwarves which you may let stand till the third Save and sow all stony and hard kernels and seeds such as black Cherry Morellos black Heart all good Pear-plum Peach Almond-stones etc. Also Nuts Haws Ashen Sycomor and Maple keys Acorns Beech-mast Apple Pear and Crab kernels for Stocks or you may defer it till the next Month towards the later end keeping them dry and free from mustiness remembering to cover the beds with litter You may yet sow Genoa Lettuce which will last all the Winter Reddish etc. Make Winter Cider and Perry Towards the latter end plant Apricots Cherries Plums Vines Winter-pears etc. Fruits in Prime or yet lasting Apples BElle-et-Bonne William Costard Lording Parsley apples Pearmain Pear-apple Honey-meal Apis etc. Pears The Caw-pear baking Green-butter-pear Thorn-pear Clove-pear Roussell-pear Lombart-pear Russet-pear Saffron-pear and some of the former Month Violet-pear Petworth-pear otherwise called the Winter Windsor Bullis and divers of the September Plums and Grapes Pines Arbutus etc. ♏ OCTOBER Hath xxxj days long 10 h-47 m Sun rises 06 h m26 Sets 05 h-24 m To be done In the Parterre and Flower-Garden NOw your Hyacinthus Tuberose not enduring the wet must be set into the house and preserved very dry till April Continue sowing what you did in September if you please Likewise Cypress may be sown but take heed of the Frost Also You may plant some Anemonies especially the Tenuifolia's and Ranunculus' in fresh sandish earth taken from under the turf but lay richer mould at the bottom of the bed which the fibres may reach but not touch the main roots which are to be covered with the natural earth two inches deep and so soon as they appear secure them with Mats or Straw from the winds and frosts giving them air in all benign intervals if possible once a day Plant also Ranunculus' of Tripoli Vernal Crocus' &c. Remove seedling Holy-hocs or others Plant now your choice Tulips etc. which you feared to inter at the beginning of September they will be more secure and forward enough but plant them in natural earth somewhat impoverished with very fine sand else they will soon lose their variegations some more rich earth may lie at the bottom within reach of the fibres Now have a care your Carnations catch not too much wet therefore retire them to covert where they may be kept from the rain not the air or lay them on the sides trimming them with fresh mould All sorts of Bulbous roots may now also be safely buried likewise Iris' etc. You may yet sow Alaternus and Phillyrea seeds It will now be good to Beat Roll and Mow Carpet-walks and Cammomile for now the ground is supple and it will even all inequalities Finish your last Weeding etc. Sweep and cleanse your Walks and all other places of Autumnal leaves fallen lest the Worms draw them into their holes and foul your Gardens etc. Flowers in Prime or yet lasting AMaranthus tricolor etc. After Atticus Amomum Antirrhinum Colchicum Saffron Cyclamen Clematis Heliotrops Stock-gilly-flo Geranium triste Ind. Tuberose's jacynth Limonium Lychnis white and double Pomum Amoris and Aethiop Marvel of Peru Millefol luteum Autumnal Narciss Pansies Aleppo Narciss Spherical Narciss Nasturt Persicum Gilly-flo Virgin Phalangium Pilosella Violets Veronica Arbutus Span. jasmine and yellow Ind. jasmine Monthly Rose Oranges myrtles Balaust ♐ NOVEMBER Hath xxx days long 08 h-52 m Sun rises 07 h-34 m Sets 04 h-26 m To be done In the Orchard and Olitory-Garden CArry Compost out of your Melon-ground or turn and mingle it with the earth and lay it in Ridges ready for the Spring Also trench and fit ground for Artichokes etc. Continue your Setting and Transplanting of Trees lose no time hard Frosts come on apace Yet you may lay bare old roots Plant young Trees Standards or Mural Furnish your Nursery with Stocks to graft on the following year Sow and set early Beans and Pease till Shrovetide and now lay up in your Cellars for Seed to be transplanted at Spring Carrots Parsneps Turnips Cabbages Caully-flowers etc. Cut off the tops of Asparagus and cover it with long-dung or make Beds to plant in Spring etc. Now in a dry day gather your last Orchard-fruits Take up your Potatoes for Winter spending there will enough remain for stock though never so exactly gathered Fruits in Prime or yet lasting Apples THe Belle-bonne the William Summer Pearmain Lording-apple Pear-apple Cardinal Winter Chess-nut Short start etc. and and some others of the former two last Months etc. Pears Messire jean Lord-pear long Bergamot Warden to bake Burnt-cat Sugar-pear Lady-pear Ice-pear Dove-pear Deadmans-pear Winter Bergamot Bell-pear etc. Arbutus Bullis Medlars Services ♐ NOVEMBER Hath xxx days long 08 h-52 m Sun rises 07 h-34 m Sets 4 h-26 m To be done In the Parterre and Flower-Garden SOw Auricula seeds thus prepare very rich earth more than half dung upon that sieft some very light sandy mould and the earth gotten out of old hollow Willow-trees and then sow set your Cases or Pans in the Sun till March. Cover your peeping Ranunculus' &c. Now is your best season the weather open to plant your fairest Tulips in places of shelter and under Espaliers but let not your earth be too rich vide October Transplant ordinary jasmine etc. About the middle of this Month or sooner if weather require quite enclose your tender Plants and perennial Greene's Shrubs etc. in your Conservatory secluding all entrance of cold and especially sharp winds and if the Plants become exceeding dry and that it do not actually freeze refresh them sparingly with qualified water i mingled with a little Sheep's or Cowdung If the season prove exceeding piercing which you may know by the freezing of a dish of water set for that purpose in your Green-house kindle some Charcoals and when they have done smoking put them in a hole sunk a little into the floor about the middle of it This is the safest Stove At all other times when the air is warmed by the beams of a fine day and that the Sun darts full upon the house show them the light but enclose them again before the Sun be gone off Note That you must never give your Aloes or Sedums one drop of water during the whole Winter And indeed you can hardly be too sparing of Water to your hous'd-plants the not observing of this destroys more Plants than all the rudenesses of the Season To know when they want refreshing consider the leaves if they shrivel and fold up give them drink if pale and whitish they have already too much and the defect is at the roots which are in peril of rotting If your Aloes grow manifestly too dry expose it a while to the air when clear 't will immediately recover them House your choicest Carnations or rather set them under a Penthouse against a South-wall so as a Covering being thrown over them to preserve them in extremity of weather they may yet enjoy the freer air at all other times Prepare also Mattrasses Boxes Cases Pots etc. for shelter to your tender Plants and Seedlings newly sown if the weather prove very bitter Plant Roses Althaea Frutex Lilac Syringas Cytisus Peonies etc. Plant also Fibrous roots specified in the precedent Month Sow also stony-seeds mentioned in October Plant all Forest trees for Walks Avenues and Groves Sweep and cleanse your Garden-walks and all other places from Autumnal leaves Flowers in Prime or yet lasting ANemonies Meadow Saffron Antirrhinum Stock-gilly-flo Bellis Clematis Pansies some Carnations double Violets Vetonica Spanish and Indian jasmine myrtles Musk Rose etc. ♑ DECEMBER Hath xxxj days long 07 h-40 m Sun rises 08 h-10 m Sets 03 h-50 m To be done In the Orchard and Olitory-Garden PRune and Nail Wall-fruit and Standard-trees You may now plant Vines etc. Also Stocks for Graffing etc. Sow as yet Pomace of Ciderpressing to raise Nurseries and set all sorts of Kernels Stones etc. Sow for early Beans and Pease but take heed of the Frosts therefore surest to defer it till after Christmas unless the Winter promise very moderate All this Month you may continue to Trench Ground and dung it to be ready for Bordures or the planting of Fruit-trees etc. Either late in this month or in january prune and cut off all your Vine-shoots to the very root save one or two of the stoutest to be left with three or four eyes of young wood This for the Vineyard Now feed your weak Stocks Turn and refresh your Autumnal Fruit lest it taint and open the Windows where it lies in a clear and Serene day Fruits in Prime and yet lasting Apples ROusseting Leather-coat Winter Reed Chess-nut Apple Great-belly the Go-no-further or Catshead with some of the precedent Month Pears The Squib-pear Spindle-pear Doyoniere Virgin Gascogne-Bergomot Scarlet-pear Stopple-pear white red and French Wardens to bake or roast etc. ♑ DECEMBER Hath xxxj days long 07 h-40 m Sun rises 08 h-10 m Sets 03 h-50 m To be done In the Parterre and Flower-Garden AS in january continue your hostility against Vermine Preserve from too much Rain and Frost your choicest Anemonies Ranunculus' Carnations etc. Be careful now to keep the Doors and Windows of your Conservatories well matted and guarded from the piercing Air for your Oranges etc. are now put to the test Temper the cold with a few Charcoal governed as directed in November etc. Set Bay-berries etc. dropping ripe Look to your Fountain-pipes and cover them with fresh and warm Litier out of the Stable a good thickness lest the frosts crack them remember it in time and the Advice will save you both trouble and charge Flowers in Prime or yet lasting ANemonies some Persian and Common winter Cyclamen Antirrhinum Black Hellebor Laurus tinus single Primroses Stock-gilly-flo Iris Clusii Snow flowers or drops Yucca etc. FOr by such a Calendar it is that a Royal Garden or Plantation may be contrived according to my Lord Verulam's design pro singulis Anni Mensibus for every Month of the Year But because it is in this cold Season that our Gardener is chief diligent about preserving his more tender rare exotic and costly Shrubs Plants and Flowers We have thought fit to add the Catalogue as it is much after this sort collected to our hands by the Learned and Industrious Doctor Sharrock though with some reformation and improvement of all such as according to their different Natures do require more or less indulgence And these we have distributed likewise into the three following Classes I. CLASS Being lest patiented of Cold and therefore to be first set into the Conservatory or other ways defended ACacia Aegyptiaca Aloe American Amaranthus tricolor Aspalathus Cret Balsamum Helichryson Chamelaea tricoccoes Nasturtium Indicum Indian Narcissus Ornithogalon Arab. Ind. Phaseol Capsicum Ind. Pomum Aethiop Aureum Spinosum Summer Sweet Majoran the two Marums Syriac etc. Dactyls Pistacio's the great Indian Fig Lilac flow alb Lavendula Multif Clus Cistus Ragusaeus flow alb Colutea Odorata Cretica Narcissus Tuberosus Styrax Arbor etc. II. CLASS Enduring the second degree of Cold and accordingly to be secured in the Conservatory AMomum Plinii Carob Chamelaea Alpestris Cistus Ledon Clus Citron Vernal Cyclamen Summer Purple Cyclamen Digitalis Hispan Geranium triste Hedysarum Clypeatum Aspalathus Creticus Span. jasmine Virgin jasmine Suza Iris jacobaea Marina Alexandrian Laurel Oleanders' Limonium elegans myrtles Oranges Lentiscus Levantine tufted Narcissus Gill. flow and choicest Carnations Phalangium Creticum Astatic double and single Ranunculus' Narcissus of japan Cytisus rubra Canna Indica Thymus Capitatus Verbena nodi flow Cretica etc. III. CLASS Which not perishing but in excessive Colds are therefore to be last set in or rather protected under Mattrasses and slighter Cover abroad in the Earth Cases Boxes or Pots etc. ABrotonum mass foem Winter Aconite Adiantum Verum Bellis Hispan Calceolus Mariae Capparis Cineraria Cneorum Matthioli Cytisus Maranthae rub Lunatus Eryngium planum totum Caeruleum Fritillaria mont Genista Hispan flow alb Pomegranads Oriental jacynth Bulbous Iris Laurels Cherry Laurel Lychnis double white Matricaria double flow Olives Pancration Papaver spinociss Maracoc Rosemary Sisynrichium Turpentine-tree Teucrium mas Tithymal Myrtifol Vetonica doub flow single Violets Lavender Serpentaria trifol etc. Ornithogalon Arab. white and doub Narcissus of Constantinople late Pine-apples Moly Persian jasmine Opuntia or the smaller Indian Fig jucca Seseli Aethiop Agnus Castus Malva Arborescens Cistus mass Althaea Frutex Sarsaparilla Cupressus Crithmum marinum etc. And to these might some others be added but we conceive them sufficient and more than we fear some envious and mercenary gardeners will thank us for but they deserve not the name of that Communicative and noble Profession However this as a Specimen of our Affection to the Public and in Commiseration of divers honourable and Industrious Persons whose Inclination to this innocent Toil has made them spare no Treasure or Pains for the furniture of their Parterres with variety the miscarriage whereof being sometimes universal to the Curious has made us the more freely to impart both what we have experimentally learned by our own Observations and from others of undoubted Candour and Ingenuity But of this we promise a more ample Illustration as it concerns the entire Art together with all its Ornaments of Use and Magnificence as these endeavours of ours shall find entertainment and opportunity contribute to the Design FINIS